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📄 论文解读

让AI自己上手点手机App,不再靠背剧本

现在的手机AI助手大多靠“背剧本”干活:训练时见过某个界面,它就会点;界面一变,它就卡死。这篇论文换了个思路——让AI直接在真实运行的iOS应用上边点边学,点错了立刻有反馈,像人一样从错误里爬起来。他们把任务拆成两个角色:一个负责想“下一步该干嘛”,一个负责看“现在屏幕上是什么”,再用一个裁判模型给每一步打分,而不是只看最后成没成。结果,这个8B参数的小模型在没见过的安卓应用上表现比传统训练方式好了近7倍,在真实iOS应用上甚至追平了Gemini-3.1-Pro。它不是你明天就能装进手机的助手,但这是AI从“会看”走向“会动手”的关键一步。

📄 原文摘要(英文)

While frontier vision-language models demonstrate strong capabilities in user interface (UI) navigation, their high inference costs prohibit everyday use. Conversely, smaller models trained via supervised fine-tuning (SFT) or offline reinforcement learning often memorize static trajectories, leading to brittle execution and an inability to recover from errors. To address these limitations, we propose a novel online reinforcement learning framework that trains UI navigation agents directly on live iOS applications. Our framework decouples the agent into two specialized components: a Planning agent and a UI Grounding model. We rely on an LLM-as-a-Judge to provide comprehensive reward signals, combining dense, step-level feedback to evaluate intermediate progress with a terminal reward for overall task completion. To effectively leverage this dual reward structure, we optimize the agent using Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) with step-level advantage estimation. Furthermore, we introduce GiGPPO, a novel neighbor-conditioned value estimation method that improves critic stability by leveraging reward signals from visually similar states across concurrent trajectories. To support this online training paradigm at scale, we introduce an efficient infrastructure that orchestrates hundreds of concurrent virtual iOS devices. Evaluations on rigorous benchmarks, including UINavBench, iOSWorld, and AndroidWorld, demonstrate that our online RL trained agents substantially outperform both SFT and terminal-only RL baselines while accelerating training convergence. Notably, our 8B RL agents achieve nearly a sevenfold improvement over the SFT baseline in out-of-distribution generalization to Android environments, while outperforming Gemini-3.5-Flash and tying with Gemini-3.1-Pro on real iOS applications.

arXiv 原文

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